“In year of 1420, YongLe emperor built the Forbidden City, on the year of 2020, it ‘s just 600 years old, on that time, hopfully, we can pass a greatful Forbidden City to the next 600 years.
“1420年，永乐皇帝敕建紫禁城，到2020年正好是600年，到那个时候，我们希望能够把一个壮美的紫禁城，完整地交给下一个600年。”
In Jan 2015, Palace Museum director QiXiang Shan in Chinese Academy of Sciences held a <<Doorman to take you to visit the unopened area of Forbidden City >> lectures, the lecture two years ago, suddenly， recently on the Internet and fire up the lecture, the cultural relics of the real data, the imperial palace in visible change, plus ChanJi cheung, dean of the serious sense of humor, won a large number of young Internet users rapidly recently, cheered, cancelled the ticket of the imperial palace, began to fully implement network ticket, plus the last word of mouth at the documentary I cultural relics in the palace, and this ancient but never out of style in the era of the ouchi forbidden palace Is quietly undergoing a careful and significant change.
2015年1月，故宫博物院院长单霁翔在中科院地理所举办了一场名为《故宫“看门人”带您探访紫禁城未开放区》的讲座，这场两年前的讲座，最近突然在网上又火了起来。讲座中，文物实实在在的数据，故宫内肉眼可见的变革，再加上单霁翔院长一本正经的幽默，迅速博得大量年轻网友的叫好。最近，故宫取消了现场售票，开始全面实施网络购票，再加上去年口碑爆棚的纪录片《我在故宫修文物》，这片古老但从来不曾落伍于时代的“大内禁宫”，正悄悄地经历着一场谨慎而重大的变革。
The museum stores the memory of a nation, how to play the largest role of the museum in each era, is every practitioner should think of the question behind the heated lecture is what kind of ingenuity, green sea supplement reporters recently interviewed the director of the Palace Museum shan jixiang.
博物馆储藏着一个民族的回忆，如何在每一个时代都发挥出博物馆最大的作用，是每一位从业者都该思考的问题。这场引爆热议的讲座背后又是怎样的匠心独运，《绿海副刊》记者近日专访了故宫博物院院长单霁翔。
Opening and Keeping
开放与坚守
More and more, the Forbidden City has begun to use scientific and technological means to guide tourists, so that visitors can enter the Forbidden City more and more deeply. On the other hand, the Forbidden City has also retreated the shops and restaurants that have occupied part of the palace for a long time. It seems that the Forbidden City is closing its doors while opening its doors.
《绿海副刊》：故宫越来越多地开始运用科技手段辅助游客的导览，让游客能够越来越深入地走进故宫；另一方面，故宫也清退了长久以来占据部分宫殿的商店、饭店等。这些年的故宫，仿佛一边在“开门”一边在“关门”，您的开放与坚守遵循的是怎样的原则？
QiXiang Shan:The cultural heritage of the Forbidden City is unfathomable. The vast and profound cultural resources in the Palace Museum carry out every work, which is often intertwined with the dilemma. On the one hand is the enhancement of comprehensive strength, on the other hand is the defense of cultural tradition.
单霁翔：故宫的文化底蕴深不可测，文化资源博大精深。在故宫博物院开展每一项工作，往往都交织着“两难”的问题，一方面是发展，另一方面是保护；一方面是综合实力的提升，另一方面是文化传统的捍卫。
Want to find a stand the history between the two test balance, need to handle the relationship between the ten aspects is forbidden to put, ban all threaten the security of a heritage of cultural relics collection of audience behavior, let the audience to improve efficiency facilities and service space is blocked and hydrophobic, blocking damage audience cultural rights and interests of the illegal act, dredge channel maintain normal audience visit order 3 it is ancient and new, with a new security system to keep the palace buildings health four is slow and fast , increasing the science and planning of the protection of cultural relics of science and technology, speed up the protection of cultural relics of science and technology infrastructure and platform for the construction of the five is reduced with increased, reduce and eliminate hidden dangers, increase the six is closed and open public facilities, reasonable closed for maintenance of cultural relics, opening wider to the outside area for audience seven was pure and rich experience, high-quality goods exhibition palace culture of exquisite, diverse display the palace culture is extensive and profound, eight, refined and vulgar by gen products, show both historical and cultural background, and nine is inside and outside the palace culture into daily life To ease the increasingly tense space pressure in the Forbidden City, open up more open cultural protection and display space.
要在这两者之间找到一个经得起历史检验的平衡点，需要处理好十个方面的关系。一是“禁”与“放”，禁止各种威胁文物建筑、文物藏品、观众安全的行为，放开服务观众、提高效率的设施和空间。二是“堵”与“疏”，堵住损害观众文化权益的违法行为，疏通维护观众正常参观秩序的通道。三是“古”与“新”，用新的安全防范系统使故宫古建筑群保持健康状态。四是“慢”与“快”，增加文物科技保护的科学性和计划性，加快文物科技保护基础设施和平台的建设。五是“减”与“增”，减少和消除各类隐患，增加各项公共设施。六是“闭”与“开”，合理闭馆保养文物，扩大开放区域供观众体验。七是“精”与“博”，精品展览展示故宫文化的精美绝伦，多样化陈列展示故宫文化的博大精深。八是“雅”与“俗”，通过文创产品等，既展示历史文化底蕴，又使故宫文化融入日常生活。九是“内”与“外”，缓解紫禁城内日趋紧张的空间压力，开辟更加开阔的文保和陈列空间。十是“学”与“研”，通过加强教育培训培养事业发展合格人才，通过整合科学研究资源支撑未来发展。
Last year, a documentary made a sensation when I repaired cultural relics in the Forbidden City, unveiling the mysterious veil of the cultural relic restoration industry, attracting people to start to pay attention to this area that has always been unknown to the public. Do the masters often go out of the palace gate to participate in various activities, and do they contact people to open the door and fix contradictions behind the door? As for the concept that the cultural relics mentioned in the film should be restored as old as new, can you explain it to us laymen in detail.
《绿海副刊》：去年一部纪录片《我在故宫修文物》引起了轰动，揭开了文物修复行业神秘的面纱，吸引着大家开始关注这个一向默默无闻的领域，各位师傅也走出“宫门”经常参加各种活动和大家接触。开门迎客与闭门修缮矛盾吗？对于片中提到的文物应“修旧如旧”的理念，可以为我们这些外行人具体讲解一下吗？
welcomed by young people of cultural relics in the palace, and followed by the national Palace Museum of cultural relics restorer became popular with young people’s career, that choose the life attitude of dedication, more exactly, a spirit of the imperial palace moved them, proves the cohesion of Chinese traditional culture in the young generation and charisma
单霁翔：《我在故宫修文物》受到年轻人欢迎，随之而来的是故宫博物院的文物修复师成为受年轻人青睐的职业，说明“择一事，终一生”的敬业态度，更确切说是故宫“工匠精神”打动了他们，证明传统文化在年轻一代国人中的凝聚力与感召力不容小视。
Hospital of cultural relic of the imperial palace was established in December 29, 2016, is located in the west side of the palace walls In jinshui riverside, divided into the protection of cultural relics protection and restoration of cultural relics studio technology laboratory Three most protection and restoration of cultural relics of auxiliary business, is currently the largest domestic functional categories most complete The most complete scientific research facilities The largest number of cultural relics in professional technology protection agency Named hospital of cultural relic of the imperial palace, because the restoration is a scientific process, like patients to the hospital sees a doctor, not only need to have the traditional technology of artisans to carry on the empirical judgment
故宫文物医院成立于2016年12月29日，位于故宫西侧城墙下、内金水河畔，分为文物保护科技实验室、文物保护修复工作室、文物保护修复辅助业务三大部分，是目前国内面积最大、功能门类最完备、科研设施最齐全、专业人员数量最多的文物科技保护机构。之所以命名为故宫文物医院，是因为文物修复是一个科学的过程，像患者到医院看病一样，不仅需要有传统技术的工匠进行经验性地判断。
Each collection before repair, need to its historical material composition structure, as well as the conditions for scientific analysis of the test, so that in the repair process, maximize the protection of historical and cultural information, don’t change the original state of cultural relics, realize inheriting traditional process technology, so you need to develop detailed after the repair plan, to start implementing repair protect, and published to repair protect report.
每一件文物藏品接受修复之前，都需要对其历史、材质、成分、结构，以及状况进行科学的分析检测，以便在修复过程中，最大程度保护历史文化信息，不改变文物原状，实现传统工艺技术传承，因此需要制定详细的修复方案之后，才能开始动手实施修复保护，并公开出版修复保护报告。
Graceful and Realistic
高大上与接地气
The cultural and creative products and humorous and profound network marketing of the Palace Museum have always been popular among young people. They are promoting the most serious culture and cultural relics in a non-serious way, and choosing such trendy marketing methods and product creativity. As the President, have you ever had any concerns? Whether or not they will be given the scale of the spoof.
《绿海副刊》：故宫的文创产品和幽默又有内涵的网络营销一直备受年轻人的欢迎。它们都在用“不严肃”的方式，宣传最严肃的文化和文物。选择如此新潮的营销方式和产品创意，作为院长您是否有过顾虑？是否会给他们限定一个“恶搞的尺度”？
Palace Museum have been thinking about the palace culture how to dialogue with today’s life is smooth, hope to be able to use cultural creativity, cultural heritage and contemporary life aesthetic demand docking, let more ground the Palace Museum To the national Palace Museum continuous efforts, will intensify research and development of cultural creative products, improve the development of culture creative products, developed with the palace culture connotation and the characteristics of distinct era culture creative products, culture in a variety of fresh and vivid way out of the Forbidden City, as the general public to share spiritual sustenance, from the moralistic infusion into infection type dialogue.
单霁翔：故宫博物院一直在思考故宫文化如何与今天的生活顺畅对话的问题，希望能够用文化创意，将文化遗存与当代人的生活、审美、需求对接起来，让故宫博物院更加“接地气”。为此故宫博物院不断努力，加大文化创意产品的研发力度，提升文化创意产品的研发水平，研发出具有故宫文化内涵和鲜明时代特点的文化创意产品，让文化以各种鲜活生动的方式走出紫禁城，成为广大公众可以分享的精神食粮，从说教式的灌输转变为感染式的对话。
Palace Museum culture dissemination is an imaginative and youthful energy, also let more people see the imperial palace young state of mind But more importantly, the national Palace Museum culture creative product, should comply with the health positive values, can be creative, but not vulgar, more not a parody as cultural institutions, the national Palace Museum there is a clear cultural orientation, the pursuit of high level of culture So-called lovely culture creative products have social demand, but not the mainstream of the palace culture creative product, no more than 5% of the total culture creative products.
故宫博物院的文化传播是具有想象力和年轻活力的存在，也让更多人看到故宫年轻的心态。但是更重要的是，故宫博物院的文化创意产品，应该符合健康、积极、向上的价值观，可以充满创意，但是不能低俗，更不能恶搞。作为文化事业单位，故宫博物院有明确的文化定位，高水准的文化追求。所谓“萌萌哒”的文化创意产品有社会需求，但是并不占故宫文化创意产品的主流，不超过文化创意产品总量的5%。
Over the years, many changes have taken place in the Forbidden City. Set up a cultural relic hospital to repair the bronze ware and thangka; How’s the new policy of renovating the palace, bringing tens of millions of artifacts to the audience, and fully implementing online ticket buying in the near future? Have you received any feedback from tourists.
《绿海副刊》：这些年故宫发生了很多变化，比如，点亮大殿，让人们看到文物的真颜；组建“文物医院”，修复千年青铜器和唐卡；翻修故宫宫殿，使千万件文物与观众见面，还有刚刚施行不久的全面实施网络购票。这些新政的进展如何？有没有收到游客的一些反馈？
Over the past six years, the Palace Museum has gradually improved the management level of the museum by promoting the implementation of Internet real-name ticketing system, which limits the daily ticket sales to 80,000 person-times and expands the opening to divert the audience.
单霁翔：近6年来，故宫博物院通过推进实施“网络实名制售票”“每日限流8万人次”“扩大开放分流观众”等方式逐步提升博物馆的精细化管理水平。
On Oct 10th 2017, The Palace Museum officially conducts online ticket sales, but we set up an integrated service window in the original ticket office to provide ticket purchase service for the audience who are not familiar with online operation.
2017年10月10日，故宫博物院正式实行全网售票，但我们在原售票处现场设有综合服务窗口为不熟悉网络操作的观众提供购票服务。
Since the online ticket sales and the limited flow distribution, the improvement of the reception order is very obvious. Second, the central axis of the Forbidden City is no longer crowded, the number of visitors to the exhibition increases, and the number of visitors to the museum decreases. Third, the adoption of time-sharing visit measures, annual exhibition without long lines; Fourth, the slow season smooth, the Palace Museum security risk greatly reduced.
自全网售票和限流分流以来，参观接待秩序改善情况非常明显，一是观众进院省时省力，免去排队购票的烦恼；二是故宫中轴线不再拥挤，参观展览的观众增加，走马观花的游客减少；三是采取发号分时参观措施，年度大展不排长队；四是淡季不淡、旺季平稳，故宫博物院安全风险大大降低。
n the future, the national Palace Museum will further strengthen the fine management, based on the data analysis, tickets next year trial period of time, when the audience can choose a specific period of time that day to the hospital Facing a spare end door due to cut the ticket ticket area to let the collection of cultural relics in the forbidden palace to life For the purpose, to explore the appropriate form to continue to serve the broad audience and the general public.
未来，故宫博物院将进一步加强精细化管理，基于大数据分析，计划明年试行分时段售票，届时观众可以选择当天的某个具体时段入院。因全网售票而面临“闲置”的端门售票区将以“让收藏在禁宫里的文物活起来”为宗旨，探索以适当形式继续服务于广大观众和社会公众。
Today and Tomorrow
今天与未来
Nowadays, the Forbidden City often holds thematic exhibitions and expert lectures. We seem to feel that you want to narrow the distance between the Forbidden City and ordinary people. What’s the next plan for the Forbidden City?
《绿海副刊》：如今的故宫经常开办主题展览、专家讲座，我们似乎感觉到您很想拉近故宫与普通人的距离，那么故宫下一步的计划是什么？
19th report in the new era of upholding and developing the basic strategy of socialism with Chinese characteristics, to strengthen the protection of cultural relics and cultural heritage, perfecting the system of public cultural services, dig into Chinese excellent traditional culture contains the ideas of humanism ethics, modern world oriented future-oriented national science and popular socialist culture, to show a permanent Chinese culture charm and times.
单霁翔：十九大报告在新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的基本方略中提出，要加强文物保护利用和文化遗产保护传承，完善公共文化服务体系，深入挖掘中华优秀传统文化蕴含的思想观念、人文精神、道德规范，发展面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化，让中华文化展现出永久魅力和时代风采。
I think, to implement the above requirement, let the Forbidden City with more and more close to the average person is, one is to respect the cultural rights and interests of contemporary people and future generations, to preserve the cultural roots of the Chinese nation, to protect the culture heritage and rich cultural relics in the collection, and this is the national law gives everyone’s responsibility, also is the foundation of our lineage to carry forward Chinese excellent traditional culture.
我认为，要落实上述要求，让故宫与普通人的距离越来越近，一是要尊重当代民众和后世子孙的文化权益，保住中华民族的文化根脉，保护好中华大地上的文化遗产和丰富的文物藏品，这是国家法律赋予每个人的责任，也是我们传承弘扬中华优秀传统文化的根基。
Secondly, must fully understand the development of modern face to the world for the future oriented, national science and popular socialist culture, general secretary of the profound connotation of jinping stressed to keep in mind and practice of the Chinese communists and mission for the Chinese people’s happiness, his mind is, therefore, seeks the revival of Chinese nation, I think, the development of socialist culture, is to people-centered, efforts need to satisfy the increasing of the general public a better life.
二是要充分理解“发展面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化”的深刻内涵。习近平总书记强调，要牢记并践行中国共产党人的初心和使命——为中国人民谋幸福，为中华民族谋复兴。所以，我认为，发展社会主义文化，就是要以人为中心，努力满足广大民众日益增长的美好生活需要。
Next is to China times ictus, let the Chinese culture to show the elegant demeanour of Chinese culture has a long history in the permanent charm and era, however, the international community understanding of Chinese culture and understanding is not enough solid and comprehensive, even some countries may because of stereotypes prejudice museum circles in recent years, international exchange exhibition, but we need to spread China’s voice in a wider range.
三是要发出中国的时代强音，让中华文化展现出永久魅力和时代风采。中华文化历史悠久，然而国际社会对中华文化的认识与了解还不够立体和全面，甚至有的国家可能因刻板印象存有偏见。博物馆界近年来国际交流展览颇多，但是我们需要在更广范围传播“中国声音”。
Finally, built the Palace Museum exhibition on display from the start of the school is unique, starting from the palace buildings and cultural relics collection of the Palace Museum, the original condition and the historical art display system determines the palace as the same character ZhuanGuan exhibition is on display is key temporary exhibition exhibition annual exhibition is the hotspot is attractions to deepen, the Palace Museum will be in the form of a more diverse transfer the palace cultural information to the public .
故宫博物院的陈列展览从建院之始就独具特色，从故宫博物院的皇宫建筑和文物藏品出发，确定了宫廷原状与历史艺术的陈列体系。随着“原状陈列是重点、专馆展览是特点、临时展览是亮点、年度大展是热点”的展览特色的深化，故宫博物院将以更加丰富多元的形式向社会公众传递故宫文化信息。
The huge collection of cultural relics in the Forbidden City is a test of the wisdom of the administrators on the protection of cultural relics. What Suggestions and opinions do you have on the existing laws and regulations on the protection of cultural relics.
《绿海副刊》：故宫如此庞大的文物馆藏，考验着管理者的智慧。在文物保护方面，您对现行的文物保护方面的法律法规有哪些建议和意见？
Formulated for the protection of cultural heritage protection planning programme significance to a protection of cultural relics protection units of planning is the legal documents, is directly guides the work of heritage protection and utilization of prescriptive manuals the implementation of the protection planning is conducive to the protection of cultural heritage, the authenticity of the historical relics environment conducive to the protection of cultural relics ontology, is beneficial to guide management unit of the daily management work, and the specification and the scope of protection of the overall arrangement of construction control area of all kinds of construction activities planning and formulation of protection measures and put forward the technical requirements, and to guide the cultural relics protection project Planning management and open plan put forward by the visitors evacuation plan, etc., and for the verification and control of total management increasing tourism boom limit of its adverse effects on cultural relics, has important practical significance through planning, gradually realize the cultural heritage protection work shift from passive to active, on the way of protection from assault type rapid emergency type to set up a sound system to form a long-term mechanism.
单霁翔：对于文化遗产的保护而言，制定保护规划具有纲领意义。一处文物保护单位的保护规划就是它的法规性文件，是直接指导遗产地保护和利用工作的具有指令性的“操作手册”。保护规划的实施有利于对文化遗产的保护，有利于保护文物本体的真实性、文物古迹的环境风貌，有利于指导管理单位的日常管理工作，并规范和统筹安排保护范围、建设控制地带内的各类建设活动。保护规划制定的保护措施及提出的技术要求，还有利于指导文物保护工程的进行。规划提出的管理和开放计划、游人疏散计划等，对于核定和控制游客总量、管理日益增加的旅游热潮、限制其对文物古迹的不利影响，具有重要的现实意义。通过规划，逐步实现文化遗产保护工作从消极被动向积极主动转变，在保护方式上由突击式、抢救性、应急式向建立健全制度、形成长效机制的转变。
On Jan 2017, state administration of cultural heritage and the Beijing municipal government approved and announced the palace to protect the palace to protect the overall plan is established on the basis of the overall planning of the national Palace Museum in October 2003, entrust the history institute of China architectural design and research institute cooperation compiled by the palace to protect overall planning outline so far this is the Palace Museum, the first aimed at the protection of cultural value as a whole under special protection and management planning.
2017年1月，国家文物局和北京市政府批准并公布了《故宫保护总体规划》。《故宫保护总体规划》的前身是故宫博物院2003年10月委托中国建筑设计研究院建筑历史研究所合作编制的《故宫保护总体规划大纲》。这是故宫博物院迄今为止，第一份以文化遗产价值整体保护为目标的专项保护管理规划。
The protection of cultural heritage plays an irreplaceable role in disseminating scientific and cultural knowledge, carrying forward and cultivating national spirit, maintaining cultural diversity of mankind, and promoting mutual respect and mutual understanding among nations and nations.
文化遗产保护对于传播科学文化知识，弘扬和培育民族精神，保持人类文化多样性，促进世界各国、各民族之间的相互尊重和相互理解都具有无可替代的意义和作用。
Qixiang Shan in one thing mentioned in the lecture, in 2013, the palace issued an injunction, public and private motor vehicles can’t into the palace at the time of the French President Francois Hollande came to visit the Forbidden City, Qixiang Shan insists not to let the President’s team into the palace, to persuade the fruit he turned off the meridian gate, the team had to be stopped in front of the meridian gate and let Mr Hollande a line to walk into the palace Qixiang Shan, said the G8 coalition is riding a horse into the Forbidden City, today we cultural Renaissance should begin from the start of culture itself, our culture is a dignified, our viewers should enjoy equal treatment.
后记：单霁翔在那场讲座中提到一件事，2013年，故宫出台一项“禁令”，公私机动车辆不能再开进故宫。当时的法国总统奥朗德来参观故宫，单霁翔坚持不让总统的车队进入宫内，劝说无果他便把午门关了起来，车队只好在午门前停下，让奥朗德一行步行进入故宫。单霁翔说，“当年八国联军是骑着马进的紫禁城，今天我们文化复兴应从文化自身做起，我们的文化是有尊严的，我们的观众应该享受平等的待遇。”
Dignity, the most mentioned word of Qixiang Shan nearly 600-year-old Forbidden City, has not stopped the pace of change and innovation, like our nation, no matter how many wars and natural disasters, it will always be renewed again and again
尊严，是单霁翔提到的最多的一个词。快要六百岁的紫禁城，依然没有停下变革和创新的脚步，它像我们这个民族一样，无论经历多少次战乱与天灾，总会一次又一次地获得新生。
来源：光明网